Climate change reveals ancient artefacts in Norway’s glaciers

Questions 1-6

Which paragraph (A-H) contains the following information?

1. an explanation for weapons being left behind in the mountains

2. a reference to the physical difficulties involved in an archaeological expedition

3. an explanation of why less food may have been available

4. a reference to the possibility of future archaeological discoveries

5. examples of items that would have been traded

6. a reference to the pressure archaeologists are under to work quickly

Questions 7-9

Complete the summary. Write ONE WORD ONLY from the text in each gap.

Interesting finds at an archaeological site

Organic materials such as animal skins and textiles are not discovered very often at archaeological sites. They have little protection against 7. , which means that they decay relatively quickly. But this is not always the case. If temperatures are low enough, fragile artefacts can be preserved for thousands of years.

A team of archaeologists have been working in the mountains in Oppland in Norway to recover artefacts revealed by shrinking ice cover. In the past, there were trade routes through these mountains and 8. gathered there in the summer months to avoid being attacked by 9. on lower ground. The people who used these mountains left things behind and it is those objects that are of interest to archaeologists.

Questions 10-13

Choose TWO correct answers.

10-11

Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about the discoveries of Barrett’s team?

Artefacts found in the higher mountain passes were limited to skiing equipment.

Hunters went into the mountains even during periods of extreme cold.

The number of artefacts from certain time periods was relatively low.

Radiocarbon dating of artefacts produced some unreliable results.

More artefacts were found in Oppland than at any other mountain site.

12-13

Which TWO of the following statements does the writer make about the Viking Age?

Hunters at this time benefited from an increased demand for goods.

The beginning of the period saw the greatest growth in the wealth of Vikings.

Vikings did not rely on ships alone to transport goods.

Norwegian towns at this time attracted traders from around the world.

Vikings were primarily interested in their trading links with the Middle East.

Climate change reveals ancient artefacts in Norway’s glaciers

Interesting finds at an archaeological site

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