A new role for livestock guard dogs

Livestock guard dogs, traditionally used to protect farm animals from predators, are now being used to protect the predators themselves A For thousands of years, livestock guard dogs worked alongside shepherds to protect their sheep, goats and cattle from predators such as wolves and bears. But in the 19th and 20th centuries, when such predators […]

Adapting to the effects of climate change

A All around the world, nations are already preparing for, and adapting to, climate change and its impacts. Even if we stopped all CO2 emissions tomorrow, we would continue to see the impact of the CO2 already released since industrial times, with scientists forecasting that global warming would continue for around 40 years. In the […]

Georgia O’Keeffe

For seven decades, Georgia O’Keeffe (1887-1986) was a major figure in American art. Remarkably, she remained independent from shifting art trends and her work stayed true to her own vision, which was based on finding the essential, abstract forms in nature. With exceptionally keen powers of observation and great finesse with a paintbrush, she recorded […]

Robots and us

Three leaders in their fields answer questions about our relationships with robot When asked ‘Should robots be used to colonise other planets?’, cosmology and astrophysics Professor Martin Rees said he believed the solar system would be mapped by robotic craft by the end of the century. ‘The next step would be mining of asteroids, enabling […]

Can the planet’s coral reefs be saved?

A Conservationists have put the final touches to a giant artificial reef they have been assembling at the world-renowned Zoological Society of London (London Zoo). Samples of the planet’s most spectacular corals – vivid green branching coral, yellow scroll, blue ridge and many more species – have been added to the giant tank along with […]

Frozen food

A US perspective on the development of the frozen food industry At some point in history, humans discovered that ice preserved food. There is evidence that winter ice was stored to preserve food in the summer as far back as 10,000 years ago. Two thousand years ago, the inhabitants of South America’s Andean mountains had […]

Invasion of the Robot Umpires

A few years ago, Fred DeJesus from Brooklyn, New York became the first umpire in a minor league baseball game to use something called the Automated Ball-Strike System (ABS), often referred to as the ‘robo-umpire’. Instead of making any judgments himself about a strike”, DeJesus had decisions fed to him through an earpiece, connected to […]

Procrastination

A psychologist explains why we put off important tasks and how we can break this habit A Procrastination is the habit of delaying a necessary task, usually by focusing on less urgent, more enjoyable, and easier activities instead. We all do it from time to time. We might be composing a message to a friend […]

Manatees

Manatees, also known as sea cows, are aquatic mammals that belong to a group of animals called Sirenia. This group also contains dugongs. Dugongs and manatees look quite alike – they are similar in size, colour and shape, and both have flexible flippers for forelimbs. However, the manatee has a broad, rounded tail, whereas the […]

How stress affects our judgement

Some of the most important decisions of our lives occur while we’re feeling stressed and anxious. From medical decisions to financial and professional ones, we are all sometimes required to weigh up information under stressful conditions. But do we become better or worse at processing and using information under such circumstances? My colleague and I, […]

To Britain

Mark Rowe investigates attempts to reintroduce elms to Britain A Around 25 million elms, accounting for 90% of all elm trees in the UK, died during the 1960s and ’70s of Dutch elm disease. In the aftermath, the elm, once so dominant in the British landscape, was largely forgotten. However, there’s now hope the elm […]

The kākāpō

The kākāpō is a nocturnal, flightless parrot that is critically endangered and one of New Zealand’s unique treasures The kākāpō, also known as the owl parrot, is a large, forest-dwelling bird, with a pale owl-like face. Up to 64 cm in length, it has predominantly yellow-green feathers, forward-facing eyes, a large grey beak, large blue […]

Part 7 – Single 4Q (6)

1-4: Online chat discussion 5-8: Article 9-12: Article 13-16: Web page 17-20: Text-message chain

Tactics for Listening – Review

UNITS 1-4 PART 1 Look at the pictures. For each picture you will hear a question and three statements. Choose the statement that best matches the picture. PART 2 Listen to each question. Choose the correct response. PART 3 Listen to the following short conversations and answer the questions below. UNITS 5-8 PART 1 Look […]

Part 7 – Single 2Q (3)

1-2: Notice 3-4: Advertisement 5-6: Email 7-8: Online chat discussion 9-10: Notice 11-12: Email 13-14: Information 15-16: Text-message chain 17-18: Contract 19-20: Text-message chain